Hi Annika Bader,
For NAV 2013 R2 you don't need to add yourself as owner ID.
Just follow the steps in the article saurav-nav.blogspot.com/.../configuring-profile-in-role-tailored.html
You will not get an error message Shown in step 2.
Just do the Step One.
Steps -
1) Open Command Prompt as Administrator.
2) Navigate to Location where Navision is installed. (Default - C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Dynamics NAV\71\RoleTailored Client)
3) Run Following command ---
Microsoft.Dynamics.Nav.Client.exe -configure -profile:"Accounting Manager"
Where Accounting Manager is the profile that I want to configure.
It will open NAV Client in Config Mode which you can see at right corner.
Let me know if any issues.