In this cases my suggestion is uninstall NAV, install manually the components from the "Prerequisite Components" directory to get additional error information or other possibilities of installation and only afterwards proceed with a new NAV installation using setup.msi in NAV 2013 R2 DVD (through right-click and "Run as administrator" option).
If the problem persists the log file created during installation can be useful to retrieve the return code and inspect the error.
Additional question: what OS version are you using? For Windows Client only Windows 7 Professional, Enterprise, or Ultimate are supported.